“What internal resources do you have to draw on?” (Although I asked this of a patient in a medically managed detox facility, the question is equally relevant to someone with any number of issues, including depression and anxiety.) The patient looked at me as if I were speaking Martian. Then he launched into a story he had told many times about all the things that were wrong with him.
“I was proposing an alternative to the disease model, drawing on an approach to psychotherapy that is typically called resource-oriented. How does it work? Very much like the plot of the MGM classic The Wizard of Oz.”
“Stop,” I said. “During the other 23 hours of the day you can beat up on yourself. Right now I’m asking you to identify what strengths you can build on.” He had no way of answering the question because the meetings he attended—and the culture at large—reinforce a narrative that he suffered from a character defect.
I was proposing an alternative to the disease model, drawing on an approach to psychotherapy that is typically called resource-oriented. How does it work? Very much like the plot of the MGM classic The Wizard of Oz.
Everyone knows the story of Dorothy and her friends, who all have something in common. The Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion are driven by a belief that they lack some crucial quality, and that it’s their defects that keep them from living life to its fullest. Like the patient in detox, they repeat negative beliefs they hold about themselves, for example, “I’m a failure because I haven’t got a brain,” and, “The tinsmith forgot to give me a heart.” In their culture, the message they get from everyone around them is that their problems will be solved if they go see an expert.
That expert—the Wizard—turns out to be a sort of resource-oriented therapist. He sends them away, telling them to come back only if they bring him the Wicked Witch’s broomstick. And that’s where the work of therapy happens. The Wizard’s challenge turns out to be a test of the brain, heart, and courage they were convinced they didn’t possess.
As the story nears its end, the Wizard tells Dorothy something that at first seems cruel: “You don’t need to be helped anymore. You’ve always had the power to go back to Kansas.”
The Scarecrow is incensed. “Why didn’t you tell her?”
“She wouldn’t have believed me,” the Wizard says. “She had to learn it for herself.”
Perhaps because the Wizard of Oz is an extended dream sequence, I see a particular connection to EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), which, some people theorize, may derive its benefit from mimicking the adaptive memory sorting function of REM sleep. Originally a technique built around eye movements, EMDR has evolved into a fully developed form of psychotherapy endorsed by the World Health Organization not only for single-event trauma—for example, being wounded in combat—but also for chronic trauma, such as childhood abuse and neglect. In addition to eye movements, therapists may use auditory or tactile stimulation. (As a board-certified music therapist, I focus on using auditory stimulation and compose original music specifically for use in EMDR.)
EMDR was conceived by Francine Shapiro, who died in June of 2019. The New York Times ends its obituary by quoting Shapiro in a spot-on description of resource-oriented therapy: “Many people become therapists feeling like they have all the answers and they are going to be the ones to tell the client what to do. With EMDR, it’s important to develop a healthy respect for the healing potential of people and to learn to be the facilitator of that healing.” It's hard to read those words without thinking of the moral of the story as delivered by the Wizard of Oz.